Four parameters regulate TSH (in the mathematical model (ref.1)):
k21 – (positive feedforward of TRH onto TSH (downstream, activating)),
c2 – (the secretory capacity constant),
k234 -negative feedback of FT4 and FT3 onto TSH (upstream, repressing) and
a2 – (the TSH elimination rate constant.).
Be aware that the colours for the hormones are different in the rows below.
Positive feedforward of TRH onto TSH (downstream, activating)):
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/equil_k21_01.png)
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/equilSolution_k21_10.png)
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/time_k21_01.png)
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/time_k21_10.png)
Negative feedback of FT4 and FT3 onto TSH (upstream, repressing)
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/equilK234_01.png)
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/equilK234_10.png)
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/timeK234_0.1.png)
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/timeK234_10.png)
The TSH elimination rate constant.
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/equilA2_01.png)
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/equilA2_10.png)
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/timeA2_01-1.png)
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/timeA1_10.png)
The secretory capacity constant
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/equilC2_01.png)
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/equilC2_10.png)
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/timec2_01.png)
![](https://www.glensbo.dk/circle/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/timeC2_10.png)
Only examples of the effect of the parameter –
- Hoermann R, Pekker MJ, Midgley JEM, Larisch R and Dietrich JW (2022) Principles of Endocrine Regulation: Reconciling Tensions Between Robustness in Performance and Adaptation to Change. Front. Endocrinol. 13:825107. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.825107 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.825107/full